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Solar · Thermal + RGB drone inspection

Solar inspection software: from drone flight to panel-level report

VisionRepo Solar is solar inspection software for drone solar panel inspection. It analyzes radiometric thermal and RGB drone photos with AI, finds and classifies panel defects, and pins each one to its exact panel. It works for solar farms and rooftops and writes Critical, Mild and Low PDF reports. Self-serve, priced by MW. Not electrical PV testing or checklist software.

Add your first site

For drone solar inspection with supported DJI thermal cameras. Radiometric thermal + RGB. Reports by email.

VisionRepo Solar drone solar panel inspection report showing anomalies pinned to individual panels, sorted by severity
Results of a run: critical first, each anomaly on its panel

The problem

Why does a drone solar panel inspection report take so long?

Manual thermal review is the process of inspecting drone-captured thermal images one by one to find panel anomalies. The solar panel thermal inspection flight is the quick part. The review is where the time goes.

5–10 h

5 to 10 hours of drone infrared inspection covers a 4 MWp plant under ideal conditions, according to IEA PVPS Task 13 (Report IEA-PVPS T13-10:2018). The review of those photos is the slow part.

Frame by frame

Every thermal photo is opened and read by a person, one at a time, in desktop thermal analysis software.

Which panel was it?

A hot spot on a photo still has to be traced to a row, a table and a panel before anyone can fix it.

Reports scattered

Each flight's findings sit in their own folder, so last season's results are hard to put next to this one's.

Bad flights found late

Low overlap or missing temperature data shows up during review, after the crew has left the site.

How it works

How does AI solar inspection work?

AI solar inspection is a drone image analysis workflow that turns paired thermal and RGB drone photos into a located, classified defect list. It takes three steps.

  1. Drone flying a lawnmower pattern over solar panel rows, heading North
    01

    Fly

    Fly the site with a supported DJI thermal drone. RTK on, 85–90% front overlap, lawnmower lines North–South. The same flight plan works for solar farm drone inspection and rooftop arrays. See the requirements

  2. Photo check with all seven checks passed on a flight's uploaded photos
    02

    Upload

    Drop the flight's photos or a ZIP. Seven checks run while they upload: thermal + RGB pairs, temperature data, camera, GPS and height, camera angle, overlap and duplicates.

  3. Anomaly page of a solar inspection report with thermal and RGB photos and the panel code
    03

    Get the reports

    Each anomaly gets a type, a cause, a severity and an exactLocation™ panel code, with its thermal and RGB photos. Critical, Mild and Low PDFs arrive by email.

Inside a run

  1. Find defects

    Solar panel defect detection on the thermal and RGB photos, and panel detection on the RGB ones.

  2. Build site map

    Calibrates the thermal camera and stitches the RGB photos into an orthomosaic of the whole site.

  3. Locate panels

    Finds every panel on the map, lines up thermal and RGB, and puts every thermal anomaly on its panel.

  4. Write reports

    One PDF per severity: Critical, Mild and Low.

Product walkthrough: from a new site to the anomaly viewer · 0:53

Chapters

Read the transcript

0:02  Add a site: a solar farm or a rooftop. Report details print on every report.

0:14  Drop the flight's thermal and RGB photos.

0:18  Seven photo checks run while they upload.

0:24  Generate the report. The run finds defects, builds the site map and locates each panel.

0:33  Critical, Mild and Low reports, each anomaly on its panel. Every anomaly in thermal and RGB, with a suggested action.

What it detects

What defects does thermal + RGB inspection detect?

Thermal + RGB inspection is solar panel defect detection from drone photos. It finds panels that run hotter than their neighbours, then reads the RGB photo of the same panel to show why. Each anomaly gets a type from the thermal photo, a cause from the RGB photo and a severity from its temperature analysis.

Infrared imaging alone cannot identify every defect type, because not every module failure raises temperature (IEA PVPS Task 13, Report IEA-PVPS T13-10:2018). For the anomalies that do show on thermal, the RGB photo of the same panel names the cause, such as soiling, shading or a crack.

Anomaly types: the common solar panel defects a thermal camera can see

Hotspot (hot spot)
Thermal photo of a solar panel with a single-cell hotspotThermal
RGB photo of the same solar panelRGB

A hotspot is a single cell that runs hotter than the cells around it.

On thermal
One bright point on one cell
Suggested
Inspect the cell on site
Multi hotspots
Thermal photo of a solar panel with several hot cells on one panelThermal
RGB photo of the same solar panelRGB

Multi hotspots are several hot cells on the same panel.

On thermal
Two or more bright points on one panel
Suggested
Inspect the panel on site
Bypass diode
Thermal photo of a solar panel with one substring running warm (bypass diode)Thermal
RGB photo of the same solar panelRGB

A bypass diode anomaly is a third of a panel running hot because a bypass diode is conducting.

On thermal
One third of the panel evenly warm
Suggested
Check the bypass diodes
Open string
Thermal photo of a solar table where one whole string of panels runs evenly warmer than the panels around it (open string)Thermal
RGB photo of the same solar panelsRGB

An open string is a string of panels that is disconnected, so none of its panels deliver power.

On thermal
Every panel in the string evenly warmer than its neighbours
Suggested
Check the string's wiring
Open circuit
Thermal photo of solar panels where one whole panel runs evenly warmer than its neighbours (open circuit)Thermal
RGB photo of the same solar panelsRGB

An open circuit is a single panel that is disconnected, so it delivers no power.

On thermal
The whole panel evenly warmer than its neighbours
Suggested
Check this panel on site
Severity

Every anomaly gets a severity from its temperature analysis. Reports list critical first, and each severity has its own PDF.

  • CriticalListed first
  • MildOwn PDF
  • LowOwn PDF

Each anomaly also lists its min, max, mean and delta (ΔT) temperatures.

Causes read from the RGB photo

Paired RGB and thermal photos confirm whether a thermal anomaly comes from a defect or from something on the panel. The cause sets the suggested action.

Soiling and bird droppings
RGB photo of a solar panel with soiling and bird droppingsRGB
Thermal photo of the same solar panelThermal
Suggested  Clean the panel
Shading and vegetation
RGB photo of a solar panel with a weed clump shading the lower cellsRGB
Thermal photo of the same solar panelThermal
Suggested  Remove what casts the shadow, trim the vegetation
Cracked solar panels, broken glass, delamination
RGB photo of a solar panel with cracked glassRGB
Thermal photo of the same solar panelThermal
Suggested  Replace the panel

Defect terms follow Köntges, M. et al., Review of Failures of Photovoltaic Modules, IEA PVPS Task 13, Report IEA-PVPS T13-01:2014, and IEA PVPS Task 13, Review on Infrared and Electroluminescence Imaging for PV Field Applications, Report IEA-PVPS T13-10:2018.

Built for every team on the site

Solar farms and commercial rooftops, flown by your own crew or a contractor.

Drone operators and thermal inspection companies

Turn every flight into a client-ready report

  • Seven photo checks during upload, so a bad flight shows up before review
  • One PDF per severity, each anomaly with its panel code, photos and temperatures
  • Drone inspection software with an API: upload photos and start runs from your own systems

O&M teams

A repair list a technician can walk to

  • Anomalies sorted critical first, each with a suggested action
  • Panel codes by zone, row, table and panel on farms; zone, table and panel on rooftops
  • Every PV inspection flight of a site in one place, latest results side by side

Asset owners and managers

Reports you can read without the software

PV modules and systems degrade at a median 0.5% per year across nearly 2,000 field-measured rates (Jordan and Kurtz, NREL, 2013). Faults that push a panel past that, such as hot spots, bypass diode failures or open circuits, show up as anomalies in the next flight's report.

  • Site plan, anomalies by type and one page per anomaly, in a PDF
  • Share a flight with your contractor or client, to view or to edit
  • Your site's own details printed in every report: peak power, panels, inverters

Compared

VisionRepo Solar vs manual review in thermal analysis software

Manual review means reading each thermal photo in a desktop tool such as FLIR Thermal Studio or DJI Thermal Analysis Tool. VisionRepo Solar is drone inspection software that reads every thermal + RGB pair and writes the report.

CriterionManual reviewFLIR Thermal Studio, DJI Thermal Analysis ToolVisionRepo Solar
Who reads the photosA person, one frame at a timeAI, on every thermal + RGB pair
Time to a reportGrows with every photo reviewedSeveral hours for a large site, unattended
Defect locationTraced by hand from the photoexactLocation™ panel code, from RTK-positioned photos
Cost modelAnalyst hoursPer report, by site MW, published on this page
Earlier flightsFiles in foldersEvery flight's reports on the site, latest results side by side
Flight problemsFound during reviewFlagged by the photo check during upload

Pricing

How much does solar inspection software cost?

VisionRepo Solar is part of the Pro and Ultra plans. Each report costs a base fee plus a rate per MW of the site, so your solar panel inspection cost scales with the site, not with analyst hours. Most platforms quote on request. Ours is on the page.

Report price = base fee + site MW × your plan's rate per MW

Pro

For installers, C&I and rooftop O&M

$20/monthor $200 a year

Solar reportsPer report
Base fee per report
$49
Per MW, reports up to 100 MW
$55
Per MW, reports over 100 MW
$45

2 MW site: $49 + 2 × $55 = $159 a report

Choose Pro

Ultra

For utility-scale operators and O&M providers

$200/monthor $2,040 a year

Solar reportsPer report
Base fee per report
$0
Per MW, reports up to 100 MW
$40
Per MW, reports over 100 MW
$30

300 MW site: 300 × $30 = $9,000 a report

Choose Ultra
  • Charged once the report is ready, on the site's DC capacity in MW.
  • At least 1 MW per report.
  • A report over 100 MW pays the lower rate on every MW.
  • On monthly plans, Ultra costs less than Pro from about 9 MW, or three reports, a month.

Every report includes, on both plans

  • Critical, Mild and Low PDF reports
  • exactLocation™ panel code per anomaly
  • Thermal and RGB photos and temperatures per anomaly
  • Seven photo checks during upload
  • Results and anomaly viewer in the app
  • Email when the reports are ready

Data encrypted at rest and in transit (AES-256, TLS 1.3).Payments by Stripe, PCI DSS Level 1.

Requirements

What drone and camera do you need?

A solar inspection flight is a drone (UAV) survey that captures every shot twice, once with a radiometric thermal camera and once with an RGB camera. The same aerial thermography flight plan covers solar farm drone inspection and rooftop sites. A run can only analyse complete thermal + RGB pairs.

Flight requirements for VisionRepo Solar
Drone and cameras
PositioningRTK on, for centimetre-level positions
Thermal cameraRadiometric, 640 × 512 or 1280 × 1024
RGB cameraAt least 4000 × 3000
FilesOriginal DJI photos, not renamed, exported or resized
Flight plan
PatternLawnmower lines North–South, heading North
Overlap85–90% front, at least 75% side
Gimbal and height5–10° off nadir, constant height above the panels
Ground resolution~10 cm/px overview · ~5 cm/px module-level O&M · ≤ 3 cm/px cell-level, commissioning and warranty
Conditions per IEC TS 62446-3
IrradianceAt least 600 W/m², stable
Wind and skyWind up to 7 m/s, clear sky
ModulesDry: no dew, rain or snow
Lawnmower flight pattern: flight lines run North–South across the solar panel rows, with front and side overlap and gimbal angle labels
Lawnmower pattern: fly North–South lines, heading North

Supported DJI thermal cameras

  • Zenmuse XT2
  • Zenmuse XT S
  • Zenmuse H20T
  • Zenmuse H20N
  • Zenmuse H30T
  • Mavic 3T
  • Matrice 3TD
  • Matrice 30T
  • Matrice 4T
  • Mavic 2 Enterprise Advanced

The full flight requirements

Overlap, gimbal angle, altitude, speed and weather, with good and bad examples.

Conditions follow IEC TS 62446-3:2017, Photovoltaic (PV) systems, Part 3: Photovoltaic modules and plants, Outdoor infrared thermography.

Solar inspection questions, answered

Most of a run is building the site map from the photos, which can take hours on a large site. You can close the page while it runs. VisionRepo emails you a link when the reports are ready and tells you in the app as well.

Get started

Your next flight could be your first report.

Add a site in about two minutes. Upload when you land.

Sources: IEC TS 62446-3:2017 · IEA PVPS Reports T13-01:2014 and T13-10:2018 · Jordan and Kurtz, Progress in Photovoltaics, 2013